Interaction States
Interaction states describe how UI elements visually respond to user actions (e.g., hovering, clicking, tapping) or system events (e.g., loading, disabled). These states provide essential feedback to help users understand an element’s current condition, its interactivity, and whether their action has been recognized. Consistency in these states across all components fosters a more intuitive and cohesive experience.
Best practices
Maintain Clear Visual Distinctions
Each interaction state should look noticeably different from the default state.
Ensure color, contrast, or shape changes are discernible for all users, including those with visual impairments.
Limit the Number of Variations
Use the same or similar styling patterns across all components (e.g., button hover color is consistent across the interface).
Too many variations can confuse users and dilute brand consistency.
Ensure Accessibility
Provide sufficient contrast for hover, focus, and active states.
Use focus indicators (e.g., outlines) that are clearly visible, aligning with WCAG guidelines.
Don’t rely on color alone—supplement changes with additional cues like icon changes or text.
Animate Subtly
Smooth transitions (e.g., color fades, slight scale changes) can add polish and help users notice state changes.
Keep transitions brief and non-distracting.
Document Thoroughly
Specify how each state is applied to different component types (e.g., buttons, links, form fields).
Include code samples, color values, and example animations so designers and developers can implement states consistently.
Consider Platform and Device Differences
Hover states are primarily desktop/browser patterns; mobile interactions rely on press or tap states.
On touch devices, focus or hover might behave differently, so plan accordingly.
Use a limited color palette and consistent styling (e.g., borders, shadows, highlights) to differentiate states without overwhelming the interface.
Summary
Interaction states are vital in guiding users through an interface by signaling element availability, interactivity, and system responses. By defining standard visual patterns—such as hover, focus, active, disabled, and loading—you ensure a predictable and accessible user experience. Consistency in states (colors, outlines, animations) across your product helps users understand at a glance what they can or can’t do, reinforcing both usability and brand cohesion.
